Hynix unveils world's first DDR5 DRAM

 The Korean fraternity Hynix has unveiled the first-of-its-kind operational paramnesia of the DDR5 stereotype to the public, according to the company's official blog.

According to SK hynix, the freshly baked paramnesia guarantees the haste transmission provided at 4.8-5.6 Gbps for contact. That's 1.8 times the baseline for early-gen DDR4 memory. With all this, the culprit claims that the voltage on the bar has been reduced from 1.2 to 1.1 V, which, in turn, increases the energy efficiency of DDR5 modules. Yes, ECC - Error Correcting Code help was implemented. As stated, due to this function, the authority of the service of additions will increase by 20 at a time compared to the memory of the early generation. The elementary memory size of the board is announced for the 16 GB spirit level, the large one - 256 GB.

The freshly baked paramnesia was invented according to the JEDEC Solid State Technology Association stereotype specification, some posted on July 14, 2020. Unanimously with the old JEDEC announcement, the DDR5 classification maintains a double obvious channel than DDR4, because it consumes up to 6.4 Gbps in DDR5 versus the current 3.2 Gbps in DDR4. With all this, the start of the stereotype will be "smooth", in other words, the main levels, as planned by the organization and as shown by SK hynix, are faster in the warehouse only for 50% after comparing with DDR4, because they have a power output of 4.8 Gbit / s

Unanimously announced, the brethren are ready to start a large release of memory modules of the freshly baked standard. All preparatory milestones and tests, including testing by foreign manufacturers of the main processors, have been passed, and the company is stepping up its offensive workings and the resale of a freshly baked type of memory as soon as the equipment meets the specifications. In the study of freshly baked memory, the Intel brothers were passionately involved.

Intel's involvement is no coincidence. Hynix says that while the main consumer of new generation memory, in their opinion, will be data centers and the server segment as a whole. Intel still dominates this market, and in 2018 - it was then that the active stage of collaboration and testing of new memory began - was the undisputed leader in the processor segment.

Jonghoon Oh, executive vice president and chief marketing officer for Sk hynix stated:

SK hynix will focus on the fast growing premium server market, strengthening its position as the leading server DRAM company.


The main stage of entering the market of the new memory is designed for 2021 - it is then that the demand for DDR5 will begin to grow, and at the same time the equipment capable of working with the new memory will "fit" for sale. Synopsys, Renesas, Montage Technology and Rambus are currently working with SK hynix to build the ecosystem for DDR5.

By 2022, SK hynix predicts a 10% share of DDR5 memory, and 43% of the RAM market by 2024. True, it is not specified whether it means server memory, or the entire market, including desktops, laptops and other devices.

The company is confident that its development, and the DDR5 standard in general, will be extremely popular among specialists working with big data and machine learning, among high-speed cloud services and other consumers for whom the speed of data transfer inside the server itself is important.

Entertaining view because of the landing pages.

 The very word "landing" is a myth. A kind of vague entity that passes off superficial local work as a high-quality and full-scale project. Ten years ago, a simple text markup for placing graphics and content was called a landing page. Further, this understanding was transformed into a landing page for issuance as a result of search engine ranking. After that, the same landing page began to be used in general for all occasions, and in the end it turned into a stand-alone product that, at minimal cost (both financial and semantic), replaced a full-size website. Moreover, the information part remained only by 5%, everything else was replaced by blocks that do not carry practically any intellectual load, except for some pseudo-visualization. Let's figure out why evolutionarily it happened that this penny craft was perceived as a separate development.

If you keep the history from the very beginning of the implementation of web resources, then it should be noted that in the generally accepted understanding - an adequate commercial site was a multi-page information library, representing the main page with a presentation of the main theses about the company's services, which were subsequently logically multiplied and detailed on the internal pages. For example, if a company had several thematic sections, each of which contained several products from a certain area, this meant that the site, by definition, would have at least a couple of dozen pages with different content. To this you need to add static pages with general information - "About the Company", "Contacts", "Partners" and so on. Any full-size site, like Lenin in October, claimed a similar logic, and the developers followed this logic unswervingly. The task was especially simplified with the advent of engines, which in the first archaic were a set of scripts that could seriously simplify management and administration.

Mentioning a resource with less than ten pages in a table conversation was considered a sign of poverty in the Volga region. If the customer did not have enough money to create a twenty-page website, then neighbors, relatives and even aunt Sarah from Zavolzhsk began to spit on his shadow. A visitor who is rosy as pizza entering the site would simply fall into a stupor and stealthily looking back at his wife's opinion, would have striven to quickly close the page with such squalor. Then, standing by the refrigerator, he would drink wheat sobering valerian for a long time with the thought - “Saint Depardieu saint, what have I seen now?”.

It was understandable and just as sensible. When the customer came to the developer, two mafiosi of the Tony Montana level met. Well, why shouldn't one highly respected don give pleasure to another, no less respected don?

The developer of the site was equal to a Chinese tangerine, which was carried on a stretcher through a crowd of grimy peisans, and he could contemplate on them from above, lying on silk pillows. Sometimes his lips parted in a contemptuous grin and his eyelids closed languidly, falling into deep bliss. The developer was king and god. But he made a high-quality unique product. There was a virtual world that stood on three turtles, originally from the big bang. The site should be multi-page, like toilet paper in a Cambodian toilet! This is the law!

But over time, the essence of earning has changed, especially after some virtual constructors and sets of scripts appeared, which allowed everyone to break into the secret world of website publishing. Ready-made blocks with informative content appeared, it became convenient to make catalogs, descriptions, presentations of photo galleries, and so on. If before everything was complicated and unique, now everything has become simple and the same. Blocks, dull as saucers, filled the entire Runet. If earlier the site was supposed to be absolutely unique and the customer zealously followed its production, now the template has become the father of the table.

Stereotypedism has become the rule of good manners, and the simplicity of creating your own website has become a deceptive but extremely convenient drug that attracts dozens of young entrepreneurs. Everyone began to slowly forget that a website should reflect the personality of your own business and pursue the goal of becoming the first among equals.

At the same time, a huge army of professional, but talented young adventurers rushed into the development niche, offering services for creating web resources based on templates or by the simplest assembly from blocks. The market pouted, sat down and grunted. Tens of thousands of proposals, absolutely mirrored in vain repeating each other, poured into the market. The differences are minimal. Except for the color of the cap and basement, practically nothing changes in the lion's share of resources.

On the one hand, it really became convenient. The minimum cost from the customer and your own website already exists. For a huge part of the performers who work for a small share, diligently dumping is also a profit. Work for a couple of three hours, and what no couple of thousand are already in your pocket (rubles of course). On the other hand, some individuality has disappeared, which was originally inherent in the works of this industry. Rather, it remained, but only for those companies that keep the price tag for development at a very decent level.

And it's easier to create ten simple one-page leads for receiving leads than one solid detailed resource. But it is necessary to clarify that, in turn, a juicy resource, in terms of attractiveness for a potential client, will be a cut above the standard template. The conversion of a visitor into an interested potential client will be colossally higher on a full-fledged web resource with intelligible and complete information.

In fact, at the moment, every minute there are truncated, unsympathetic template one-pages with a minimum of semantic load, the purpose of which is simply to present the name of the company and its field of activity. And by scattering empty, eye-catching lead magnets, leads are pumped up that are essentially of no business value. By the way, this is why a huge number of services are now flourishing to attract such contacts for relatively small amounts. The ease of creating and administering the simplest template pages with a whole bunch of marketing blocks of all kinds has spawned an entire industry of cultivating useless contact information in terms of end-sales.

After more than a decade, Intel threw off the advantage of its general competitor, AMD. Jeremy Laird tried to figure out where Intel came up for the wrong end and how the enemy would pay off.

 And exactly what happened to Intel? The once irrelevant athlete in the manufacture of processors and microcircuits immediately yields to competitors in almost absolutely all possible indicators. CPUs through AMD turned out to be more thoughtful, and manufacturing technology through TSMC is more efficient. It looks like Intel has absolutely gone astray.

Already for the bazaar of mobile PCs, where the culprit has been the irrelevant leader for decades, Intel processors dropped the freshly blended Renoir through AMD.

Circumstances are so bad that Apple has announced schedules to end its relationship with the manufacturer and start bleeding ARM-based personal chips. Worse, rumor has it that Intel itself is planning a partnership with TSMC for the sake of releasing separate product options once, including the first custom graphics card. Indeed, this can become a complete humiliation for the sake of the organization.

Or is it just speculation? Against all the difficulties, it happened that Intel earned an unprecedented amount of money for a year - 72 billion. Ultimately, the general problem of the manufacturer is that it does not keep up with the dynamics of demand from the side of the so-called hyperscale data centers. These are companies like Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Facebook, and others, which simply lack a sufficient number of Xeon processors. However, consuming significant began to believe that soon Intel would return to its previous rut ​​in comparison with the manufacture of chips and CPU microarchitectures.

How can one attest to the troubles and misfortunes of Intel in a nutshell? “10 nanometers,” I would say. And it's not so much the failure of chip technology - such arguments can be thrown down for any microarchitecture-developing company that has been resting on its laurels for decades. But 10 nanometers! This is a catastrophe.

By this “10 nanometer” consideration, we mean an electrotechnical move or assembly used to make computer chips. Theoretically 10 nm is the size of the smallest ingredients inside the chip. However, for practice, the names related to scientific and technical processes, and the actual dimensions of the components, for example, the gates of transistors inside the desktop processor, have ended up being compared from each other recently. And, most quickly, there is no such component inside the Intel processor, the size of which is positively 10 nm.

This lack of unconditional bondage between the size of the ingredient and the image of the site stops more problematic, sometimes the skill touches the comparison of scientific and technical processes of rival manufacturers. But more on this later. And now we are interested in Intel's 10nm process and its disadvantages. It was originally expected that it will be implemented back in 2015. Immediately now, the mother of my children is 2020, however, the set of provisions with 10nm chips is small. You will not be able to purchase desktop PCs or server CPUs built for the above technical process. Exceptionally mobile processors for the sake of laptops and tablets switched to 10nm technology, of course, only those with low and ultra-low power consumption. Others have upgraded to 14 nm.

These facts need to be analyzed taking into account the generally accepted stereotype of Intel itself - Moore's Law, and therefore it is necessary to consider the opposition to the laws of physics, which the creators of microcircuits have encountered in recent years. However, even huge adversities in the production of semiconductors can arise, sometimes separate transistors will reach the size of a handful of atoms and will obey obscure photonic effects, for example, tunneling. But this is a completely different story.

Probably all Intel's problems are combined with excessive ambition, moral obsolescence of separate production technology, perhaps complacency and lack of investment.

Intel's general manager Bob Swan said Intel’s difficulties with 10nm technology are “kind of a conclusion to what we have done in the past. Then we tried to conquer Victoria no matter what. And when extremely weighty times approached, we set even more fundamental goals. That is why it took us a long time to acquire them ”.

ncreased expectations from microcircuits

On the 10-nm scientific and technical section, this fundamental setting means the deepening of the density of transistors by 2.7 times. Rather, per unit area of ​​the crystal in a 10-nm node, there are 2.7 times as many transistors as in a 14-nm node. More specifically, the processors made after the 14-nm process technology hold 37.5 million transistors for a square millimeter, while as if in some square millimeter of 10-nm crystals 100 million are held. The main deepening of the density of transistors implements 10-nm technology significantly more fundamental in comparison with other technical processes.

Deepening the density by a factor of 2.5 and the passage through the 22-nm to 14-nm patterns were impressive, however, the passage from 32 nm to 22 nm led the deepening of the density by 2.1 times, and the transition from 45 nm to 32 nm - by 2, 3 times. Representation of the nature of these changes helps to chew on the differences between Intel nodes and nodes of rival vendors. For example, Intel's 10nm design assumes a saturation of 100.8 million transistors per square millimeter. This ratio is slightly higher than the TSMC ratio - 96.5 million transistors (later TSMC announced 113.9 million transistors for a square millimeter for an improved 7-nm process technology). All three 7nm sections from Samsung do not reach the 100 million mark.

The thing is that 10-nanometer development through Intel was infinitely principled - so much so that in 2017 the fraternity added a note "Hyper Scaling" to indicate the increased density. In retrospect, it is possible to argue that the expectations were too high. This is because Intel has prepared the final section for the DUV flow lithography base. In a nutshell, the size of the ingredients in a microcircuit is determined by the length of the optical wave used in lithographic processes. These processes etch the ingredients onto a given surface of the silicon wafer, and computer processors are cut from the silicon wafers.

This is not a bisector of dependence. The effect of yes can be shown by various techniques and auxiliary options, for example, masks used are valid in the property of a multiplier, which shorten the dimensions of the ingredients further than the practical optical wavelength.

DUV Chip Cooking Equipment utilizes 193 nm swell UV radiation. However, to consume the limit of the relatively density of the location of the transistors near the provided wavelength. Intel has exceeded that limit.

As a result, there is an unpleasant delay in production for almost five years. It's eternity in terms of Intel volume dynamics and Moore's Law. Already immediately consume the symptoms that the 10nm process is not classified what it is forced to be. So Ice Lake, the freshly baked tenth generation mobile processors, accelerates slower than their 14nm predecessors. Ice Lake's fastest 10nm processors, the Core i7-1065G7, generate a lot of haste around 3.9GHz, while the eighth generation Core i7-8665U is faster for a solid 900MHz. This is a hell of a lot, and therefore, for some reason, the production process goes wrong.

Another proof that the 10nm process did not live up to Intel's expectations is the duplication of weak 10th generation processors. Along with today's Ice Lake CPUs, the newly minted Comet Lake family is descending, and both belong to the 10th generation.

Similar to Ice Lake, Comet Lake mobile processors fit in low-power and ultra-low-power formats.

But in recognition through Ice Lake, Comet Lake utilizes 14nm, but not 10nm process technology, and extends to 6-core modifications around a high clock speed of 4.9 GHz.

As a result, already now you are offered the opportunity to purchase a subnotebook with a processor bearing the Intel 10th generation mark, however, what is inside the box may differ from the declared one. If the calculator is 2 or 4-nuclear, it is given the opportunity to exist weak or ultra-low-power. In addition, 10-nanometer or 14-nanometer. He is given the opportunity to build on the microarchitecture of 2015 Skylake ages or completely freshly baked - Sunny Cove, and also conform to Ice lake.

Microarchitecture difficulties

The Sunny Cove listing correctly brings us to another great failure of Intel - microarchitecture. Prior to the release of 10nm Ice Lake chips for ultraportable laptops last year, the horde of processors for desktops, laptops and servers relied on the 14nm process, which debuted in 2014, and the Skylake architecture, which emerged in 2015. Both have ruled a thousand times, however there were no chunky changes in the updates.

Above all, the dark phenomenon of the Nehalem microarchitecture in 2008, Intel could only recommend 4 cores for processors in popular PC modifications. This continued until the 2017 release of the Coffee Lake microarchitecture, an evolved version of Skylake, and a further increase to six cores. For about a decade, Intel has not increased the number of cores for commercially discarded product modifications.

In a little less than two years since the noble age, Intel raised the bar to 10 cores for popular desktop processors by releasing Comet Lake, a secondary updated Skylake tweak belonging to the 14nm processor family. It turns out that during 10 flights there were no shifts, and then a depression was created 2.5 times after the lapidary time interval. Nothing to do could lead to such a shrill increase in the number of nuclei after a long stagnation? The root cause for this is the origins of AMD's Zen architecture and Ryzen processors, the first of which ended in 2017. Without going into lengthy reasoning, Intel was lazy until, happily, it did not have a competitor.
Of course, with as many as ten cores, Intel is infinitely inferior to AMD, which currently invites 16 cores in the famous Computer with 3rd generation Ryzen processors. Their advantage is encompassed yes in that they are built for a 7nm process warehouse through TSMC.

In the mobile sector, Intel's circumstances are no better. The new line of 7nm mixed processors Renoir through AMD has eight Zen 2 cores with a capacity of 15 watts. Intel has managed to develop an exclusively 6-core Comet Lake Core-i7 10810U as a competitor. It is a processor with an exclusive clock speed of 1.1 GHz. The 15-watt Ryzen 7 4800U is packed with 8 cores and clocked at 1.8 GHz. Not a positive comparison.

Principle into the future

Here's a version of the charge. The years that have passed have not been technologically productive for Intel. George Davis, the company's chief commercial officer, spoke of the 10nm flop this way: “This electrotechnical site will certainly not be the best in Intel's history. It is less efficient than the 14nm process technology, and less efficient than the 22nm process technology. " But are the consequences of Intel's ongoing problems really so disastrous?

From the point of view of an economic perspective, for this question it is possible to respond positively - no. In the end, it is not so much the flowing arrangement, otherwise it is too bad, in fact, there is no difficulty at all. In 2019, Intel's earnings have delivered unprecedented numbers. Since mid-2018, the ages of its sales did not fall due to scientific and technical stagnation, and the manufacturer himself felt adversity with a satisfied view of demand for its 14-nm processors.

If you dig deeper, it is possible to come to your senses to the conclusion that along the last border the plot of difficulties is covered in the scientific and technical process. The number of cores in Intel server processors has clearly increased since the arrival of the 14nm era. Immediately Intel invites the whole 28 cores in some kind of processor die. that, the larger the cores in the same process, the fewer processors can be pulled out of one semiconductor wafer, which, in turn, can lead to supply constraints.

But, whatever one may say, Intel does not check any economic difficulties, but even this event seems to be the main reason, because the culprit might strike a grand protest against competitors in the design of products and technologies.

And this special effect is now visible. Ice Lake processors evolved into a freshly baked microarchitecture popularly known as Sunny Cove. It improves clock performance by 18% after comparing it to Coffee Lake, a refinement of the Skylake microarchitecture.

But even this is only a beginning. The decisive word in the renaissance of Intel's microarchitecture was the introduction of Jim Keller to the team, who led the category for microprocessor development.
Despite the fact that he is going to leave this rectifier after six months, it is impossible to underestimate the contribution, some of it can be transferred to the development of the company. Keller is one of the most respected, if not the most respected, microprocessor designer.

It became famous due to the development of the microarchitecture of the K8 processor, codenamed Athlon 64 and the main chip from AMD, which became a noble competitor to Intel. Later, Keller worked at Apple, creating photo designs for a series of in-house processors for the ARM warehouse, which then took the lead in the market for phones and tablets. In 2012, Keller returned to AMD, leading the development of the Zen microarchitecture and once again supplying AMD with devices to fight Intel. Following a laconic presence for the apex position of Tesla's electric vehicle builder, Keller took over as senior vice president of Intel in early April 2018.
Given the lag between the design and microarchitecture of processors and the launch of product marketing, it is highly unlikely that the new Sunny Cove cores inside Ice Lake processors are Keller's plow. This will undoubtedly be for the further post-Sunny Cove architecture of Willow Cove. It is planned to be released at the end of this age for the sake of a family of 14-nm backported processors, that is, using the "reverse transfer" of the freshly baked microarchitecture for the "old" technical process, Rocket Lake processors.

The Golden Cove microarchitecture will take an even bigger step forward and lay the groundwork for slated Alder Lake processors later in the year. But even Golden Cove has no way of conforming to a good Keller piece. To achieve the desired result, we need to wait for the Ocean Cove phenomenon, which will be exhausted in 2022 or 2023, however, Keller's quick withdrawal will mean that his influence on this calculation will probably be limited to some extent.

There is happily no overhead about Ocean Cove. Not long ago there were rumors that the productivity of the provided microarchitecture would be 80% higher than that of Skylake. Even though these are purely rumors, we know for sure that Keller has an ingenious formulary price list and that Intel has a monumental, cunning plan that is much larger than it did years ago. As Keller said: "We expect to multiply the number of transistors by 50 at a time and do our best to get the extreme out of each stack."

At the same time, the 7nm CPUs that follow the problematic 10nm processors will not face the same limitations as their predecessors. For the production of 7-nm processors, photolithography of the extreme ultraviolet spectrum (EUV) with a swell length of up to 13.5 nm will be used. Or, the 7nm process has completely changed. It will be seen, however immediately it is definitely possible to say that Intel's monitoring is extremely optimistic.
Intel plans to force the passage from 7nm to 5nm and beyond. From this we can conclude that the manufacturer will temperamentally improve the freshly baked technology in the antagonism of today's costly, even if this requires investments in research and development work. Above all, with the involvement of EUV lithography, Intel expects to return to the past rates of production - once every 2 years, activating the ages from the 7-nm process technology in 2021 and reaching the release of the 1.4-nm circuit in 2029. “I think EUV will help us get back to the pace with which transistors are increasing unanimously according to Moore's Law,” Davis said.

All this collectively assigned gives the impression that Intel is returning samples of the most advanced architectures and fastest processors. Whether this will happen is another question. Immediately, AMD is probably in a better position than Intel, despite the fact that the latter makes a lot of efforts. AMD's clever design of microarchitectures, including Zen 3 and Zen 4, together with TSMC's technology solutions, will help increase competition between the two manufacturers. However, we will not predict the defeat of Intel.
In the end, the final time, sometimes NetBurst and Pentium 4 ended their days and Intel's circumstances stalled, leading the Core family and primacy for the processor market during the decade.

A brief history of the FTP protocol

 It is one of the oldest protocols, some of which hold the mainstream web (it turns 50 next year), but these famous additions want to abandon it in the past. Now we will talk about the chronicle of FTP, a network protocol, some were held longer than many others.

In fact, this year, the Indian-born natural scientist of the MIT graduate school Abhay Bhushnan first came up with the File Transfer Protocol. FTP, which took shape two years after telnet, froze over as one of the prime examples of a functioning add-on package for a system that would be known in the future as ARPANET. It has overtaken e-mail, Usenet, and the TCP / IP store. In its turn telnet, FTP was formerly used, albeit to a limited extent. However, in today's Web, it has lost its relevance, in general due to security problems, and its place is borrowed by other encrypted protocols - if FTP is SFTP, a file transfer document that works on top of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, which has replaced telnet on a larger border.


FTP is so old that it appeared before email, but in the core it played the importance of an email client. Perhaps unsurprisingly, among most of the practical-level programs designed for the early ARPANET, FTP itself emerged and made its way into the world of modern technology.

The root cause of a given is combined to its basic functionality. In fact, this is a utility that simplifies the transfer of the provided between the hosts, however, the secret of its success is covered in the fact that at a certain stage it smoothed out the differences between these hosts. As Bhushan says in his Labor Proposal (RFC), the most confusing use of telnet at the time was that each host was slightly different from another.

"Differences in terminal characteristics are envisioned by the host system programs in consonance with standard protocols," he scribbles, mentioning both telnet and the remote instruction entry document of that era. "However, in order to dispose of them, you therefore need all sorts of conventions of remote systems."


Radioteletype video terminal of the ARPANET era.

The FTP document he penned tried to deflect the difficulties of easily connecting to the server by supporting a way he called "indirect use"; this order allowed to broadcast materials, that is, to carry out programs remotely. The "first build" of the Bhushan protocol, which is used decades later, albeit in a modified form, has utilized the directory texture to investigate the differences between separate systems.

In his own RFC, Bhushan writes:

I have tried to organize a user-level document allowing users and programs to implement indirect use of remote host machines. The document simplifies not so much actions with file systems, but also the creation of programs on remote hosts. This is done by finding the queries that are being cultivated by the active processes. Sequencing of transactions guarantees increased guarantees and facilitates post-error inspection. Representation of data images is injected, making it easier to interpret, reconfigure and contain the unsophisticated and limited options provided on individual hosts. The document is primordially drunk with extensions.


In an interview with the podcast Mapping the Journey, Bhushan revealed that he started developing the protocol because of the undeniable need for applications for the nascent ARPANET network, including the need for e-mail and FTP. These early additions were frozen into the fundamental building blocks of the progressive web and improved infinitely over the decades.

Bhushan said that due to the narrow-mindedness of computers of such slowness, the original functions of e-mail were carried out partially by FTP and made it possible to stretch letters and files over the protocol in a lighter format. And for four years, FTP was a kind of electronic mail.

“We asked: 'Why not add two commands to FTP named mail and mail file? “The mail setting will be used for plain text messages, and the mail file for email attachments, which we still have today,” he says in an interview.

Of course, Bhushan was not the only one involved in researching this solid early protocol, but after graduating from university, he earned a job at Xerox. The document he implemented extended its formation in his absence, earning a series of RFC updates in the 1970s and 1980s; In that amount, its implementation was impeccably in 1980, which made it possible to guarantee the support of the TCP / IP specification.

However, insignificant updates were different, so that the document could keep up with the other and could support freshly baked technologies, the version that we use today was usually missed in 1985, sometimes Eugene Postel and Joyce K. Reynolds came up with RFC 959 - the renewal of past protocols lying in the database progressive software for FTP service. (Postel and Reynolds, among other things, at the same time functioned flawlessly on the organization of domain names (DNS).) However, the document describes this version as “intended for the sake of correcting minor documentation errors, improving the clarification of some protocol functions and adding fresh additional teams, ”she herself froze.

Given its age, FTP has an abundance of fatal sore spots, some of which are still found today. For example, transferring a folder that stores many dwarf files is infinitely inefficient in FTP, it works much more preferable with large files, as it limits the abundance of sufficient separate connections.

In almost every sense, thanks to such an early phenomenon in the annals of the Web, FTP has influenced the structure of most subsequent protocols. It is possible to compare it with something that has been modified and improved every minute over many decades, for example, with basketball shoes. Yes, the Converse All-Stars is a good shoe, and in the right agreements it will work with honor today, but with a much greater chance of success, there will be some modification from Nike, probably around the Air Jordan brand.

File Transfer Protocol is the Converse All-Star of the Internet. He was transferring files to the point where it got cool, and still keeps the plot of his appeal.

“Nobody deserved it for the Internet. Faster on the contrary, a lot of money was spent on it. We fought bravely in this battle and knew that he had potential. if someone tells you that he knew what would happen next, it’s a lie. However, I created everything myself with my own eyes. "

So Alan Emledge, Lord Archie, conforming to the main search engine of the Internet, narrated the Internet Hall of Fame, because his invention, which allowed users to search for unsigned FTP servers for files, did not suit the rich. In short, the Internet was then a non-profit, and a graduate student and technical support staffer at the McGill Institute of Emledge in Montreal secretly disposed of the university's line for the Archie service. “But actually it was the best practice to do the same. As the old saying goes, it is preferable to ask for forgiveness than permission. " (Like Bhushan, Emledge was an immigrant, born and raised in Barbados, and came to Canada, freezing as a student due to his accomplishments.

NVIDIA pushed back the RTX 3070 retailer so as not to demand a rush

 NVIDIA announced the postponement of the launch of the merchant of its freshly baked RTX 3070 video cards. They will arrive in stores not on October 15, but on October 29. The provided resolution was adopted in order to have time to release the required number of video cards.

The question for the GeForce RTX 3080 turned out to be much more than expected. Video cards went on sale on September 17th. Users met with a shortage of supply, and in general the cost of news on eBay was from $ 1000 to $ 2500 instead of the initial $ 699. The mugs happened to deliver their forgiveness after the outbreak of chaos.

NVIDIA revealed its freshly baked Ampere graphics cards on August 31st. These are GeForce RTX 3090, RTX 3080 and RTX 3070.The RTX 3070 previously runs on GDDR6. The abundance of CUDA cores is 5888, the size of the video memory finishes off 8 GB. The culprit promises that the GeForce RTX 3070 guarantees the same or more noble performance than the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti (which is twice as expensive), and, roughly, 60% faster than the GeForce RTX 2070. The announced cost of the video card in the US is $ 499.

Agile besides idealism. Sometimes and in what manner plastic management functions. Political economy pamphlet

I think that not enough people would argue that the advanced plans of the software development industry, the IT departments of corporations, in their service utilize incremental-iterative approaches. Once upon a time, Agile has overgrown with a heap of idealism and quackery: coaches, mentors, motivators are disorderly people, they talk about how it is necessary to share in diagrams and diagrams in order to make their way to a corporate goal.


The installation of the provided note - to establish an idealistic disposition to Agile upside down - to materialistically explain, sometimes Agile works as if certain values ​​and principles actually function; some no Agile idealistic, some no materialistic.

Agile is like a religion

Often, coaches and books say that you need to acquire values ​​and principles - to change your mindset. Trust the pastor and you will be rewarded! ... Trust in a new creator! At the same time, of course, everyone is free to interpret these or other principles and values ​​independently. As a result, you need to exist, in other words, initiated into a new faith, that is to say, to understand what the material arguments of these or other postulates are. Instead of this in order to eavesdrop on preachers, attitudes and clerks should think and report to others what the material principles of the competitive superiority of the product provided are directly, but in fact it stops the object of service and pay

if, sometimes, the abundance of buyers for your product has a superbly noble amount, consuming the bisector is useful in throwing more utility through this product to customers. The greater this benefit, the higher its cost to the consumer and there are many such buyers.

For any Agile framework, it is essential to consistently earn feedback in order to increase the desirability of the product for the sake of users, to increase the audience. Agile management recognizes that the hierarchy of the company is not possible, therefore, about all the needs of the customer, but finds them by empirical search. Anyone who participates in the process is ready to become a source of value, which is why involvement is welcomed. The newly-invented course, the newly-found authority, is accordingly introduced in the shortest possible time, that is, it was invented and implemented for the sake of extracting a feedback. This, in turn, requires that the structure of conclusions be adaptive to changes, thus sticking out in the significance of the property of production, general capital.

Sometimes Agile works

In order for XP, Scrum, or any other Agile framework to function, there must be some great properties in the pure product. It should be a seeming commodity, the benefit of which is the result of the exchange process, after all to consume sales. Underneath this is not the genius of the sales clerk (the ability to sell for the expensive what is cheap), (a) not that the resulting product is emitted something like a copy, and the benefit depends on the truth through the numbers of the trader and the price. On the contrary, a product produced near a personal customer, sold once, is forced to cope with ordinary management - a waterfall.

Exclusively in the case of the manufacture of a conditional product (programs, games, TV series, cartoons, and even branded goods), some will find a tremendous abundance of times for themselves on the market, a metamorphosis of the production method happens, as a result, the education of prices and profits may not be obtained now from saved for employees, but from the consumer merits of the product replicated for exchange. A thorough discussion of the differences between a product and a conventional product, the establishment came for each of them, I made in the last article.

An investigation into the creation of a freshly baked manufacturing method stops the modification of the internal contradiction of management. If for the sake of the manufacture of products in order to extract a large one (surplus value), there should be a reinforcement of the exploitation of workers, because for the production of conditional products, marketing is forced to exist focused on increasing the maximum use value, which forms the benefit (multiplied value).

The enlightenment of making a conventional product encompasses another magnificent feature. For commercial production, the decree on the goods produced is at the disposal of the capitalist, that is, the kingdom - in other words, the lawyer who develops the cooperation of employees for the capital base. When a conditional product is produced, the conclusion about production passes in that amount into the hands of workers, causality is given them the opportunity to move a functional into the final product, some of which will increase the use value of the conditional product. In the incremental-iterative version of cooperation, it is not the costs for the unstable subsidized capital that are majestic, but the consumer qualities of the product and the abundance of consumers.

The next majestic difference between product marketing and virtual product stops

Back in the USA: HP starts collecting servers in America

 Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) will be the lead manufacturer to return to white-label assembly. The Brethren announced a new campaign after making servos from parts prepared for the US area. HPE will take care of post-supply chain security for North American buyers through the HPE Trusted Supply Chain initiative. Aid is primarily designed for buyers from the government sector, healthcare and economic services professionals.

HPE explains that contrary to everyday opinion, harmlessness is not tied from the moment the equipment is turned on and operated, it is laid at the turn of assembly. That is why it is so essential to trace the supply chain, labeling and all other processes. Problematic well-acquired parts can include hardware and software backdoors.
Through the HPE Trusted Supply Chain initiative, government companies and the public sector will be able to acquire certified North American servers.

The HPE ProLiant DL380T print server will become the main product that meets all aspects of harmlessness. A sample of its components are made in the USA, however, it is already possible to declare the equipment for the category "Country of Origin USA", but not elementary about the North American production, marked with the marking "Made-in-USA".

Features of the freshly baked HPE ProLiant DL380T server:

Increased safety routine. The function is activated at the factory and allows you to increase the level of defense against cyber attacks. The routine will ask for the supplied pre-login authentication for the server.
Defense through the structures of a dangerous OS. UEFI Secure Boot is used to provide unlimited service with a factory pre-installed operator system.
Server configuration blockade. if the default options are changed, the construct will notify about it at boot. The function prevents other entanglement of third-party users.
Establishing an invasion. The target protects against physical interference. Server owners will receive a warning if someone tries to free the server skeleton or part of it. The function is constructive even when the server is off.
Special harmless delivery. HPE will provide a car or a driver if it is necessary to drop the print server steadily from the factory to the customer's data center. This makes it possible to ensure that there is no change in equipment by villains about transport systems.


For security and flexibility of supply

Panzootia Covid-19 has discovered a storefront of electrical ingredients and systems logistics problems. In addition, the operating and business processes of many enterprises, conscious of the production and supply of electronics, were disrupted. HPE decided to increase the abundance of supply channels in order to avoid bondage from one mash, that is, the country. And diversity and flexibility in the supply chain is a grateful immediate policy for the benefit of manufacturers around the world. That's why HPE develops a good product later, where it expects to sell it - the USA.

In the HPE team, HPE is to consume the site where the train with a special permit operates, in fact, it is here that it is planned to manufacture server hardware. Next year, a similar program is supposed to be prepared for the sake of Europe by launching production in one of the EU powers.

HPE Trusted Supply Chain is not the first HPE to scale up cyber security. First, the Silicon Root of Trust calculation was thrown. Its essence is in a harmless long-term numerical signature, which makes it possible to guarantee harmlessness in the organization of the sent management of iLO servers (Integrated Lights-Out). The print server does not load, if inconsistent numerical signatures of quilting, that is, drivers, are detected.

Looks like HPE will be the first in a string of huge companies returning to the "white assembly". The transfer of capacities from China was activated by the rest of the companies, moving the assembly strips from China to the Island thanks to the trading struggle between the Country and the PRC.