Is the unnatural mind capable of learning the moral values of a human society? Is he able to perceive conclusions in situations, sometimes he must always think about the pros and cons? Can you promote a sense of right and wrong? In short, will he have a conscience?
These questions may seem irrelevant given that modern AI setups are ready to do quite a few tasks. But along the border of the development of science, his abilities are always greatly expanded. We already see that the methods of bogus reason are adapting in areas where the boundaries of "good" and "bad" conclusions are difficult to define, - for example, in criminal justice, that is, the selection of resumes.
In the future, we expect AI to take care of the elderly, train our kids, and perform many other tasks that ask for human empathy and moral understanding. That is why the question of AI awareness and conscientiousness is always more acute.
With this request, I stepped up to look for a book (or books), which would explain how people developed a conscience. And I would give a hint what information about the uncle's brain can help in creating a conscientious unnatural intelligence.
A well-wisher recommended that I study the book Conscience: The Roots of Moral Intuition by Patricia Churchland, a neuroscientist, sage and honorary doctorate from the California Institute of San Diego. Doctor Churchland's dissertation and my own game with her gave me a good idea of the scope and limitations of brain science. "Conscience" shows how far we have come to understand the relationship between physiology and the service of the brain and the moral qualities of people. Yes, the dissertation sheds a source on how some kind of end still shines for us to go through in order to seriously understand that people acquire moral decisions.
The dissertation is scribbled in an easily accessible tongue and will appeal to those who are interested in exploring the biological basis of consciousness and reflect on the "humanity" of artificial intelligence.
Further, there is an infinite extract of what "Conscience" tells about the development of moral selection in the human brain. Since the AI modification has actually been ripped off from him, the great knowledge of conscience will help us understand what an unnatural mind needs to study moral norms.
“Conscience is the uncle's individual opinion about what is fair or wrong. Usually, however, sometimes this judgment reproduces the view of the group, to which person belongs to himself, ”- scribbles the doctor Churchland in the book.Education system
But how did people develop the capacity to understand what is right and what is wrong? In order to answer this question, the doctor Churchland holds us back in time, sometimes our main warm-blooded ancestors arose.
Birds and mammals are endotherms: their bodies can store heat. While reptiles, fish and insects, some cold-blooded organisms, the body adapts to the temperature of the surrounding environment.
The tremendous superiority of endotherm animals is the ability to collect shamovka at night and survive in a more unresponsive climate. But such creatures need much more shamovka for survival. This led to a series of secondary steps in the brains of warm-blooded mammals that were cooked up more intelligently. The predominantly notable modification is the formation of the rind of the host brain.
Kindling the leading brain is possible to integrate sensory cues and define speculative concepts about actions and things related to survival and procreation. She studies, summarizes freshly baked knowledge, remembers and continues her studies.
Kindling allows mammals to exist more resilient and not heart-felt to changes in weather and landscape. It is different from insects and fish, which are endlessly conditioned by the stable arrangements of the surrounding environment.
But, secondarily, the ability to learn is made up for by the fact that mammals are aroused defenseless and vulnerable. Unlike snakes, turtles and insects, which after hatching are ready to chase and function fully, mammals need a certain period of time to develop their survival skills.
Besides, their well-wisher depends on a friend for their survival.
Development of social behavior
In the brains of all creatures of life consume a construct of retribution and punishment, which ensures that they are always exercising for survival and gene transfer. The Mammal Center has adapted this function somewhat in order to adapt to life in society.
“Throughout the evolutionary passage, the sensations of pleasure and pain to help survive have been reoriented to promote affiliate behavior,” Churchland scribbles. "Dignity has spread to a kindred but freshly baked sphere - attachment to one's neighbor."
The fundamental root cause of this change is the freezing of the descendants. Evolution required modifications in the mammalian brain in order to establish custody of children in the first space. Mothers, and in some variants both parents, tend to be born for everything in order to protect and nourish their offspring. Even for their sake, there is no benefit in this.
In the book "Conscience" the compiler outlines experiments to determine the biochemical reactions of the brain of various mammals, which reward social behavior, including custody of offspring.
“The social life of mammals is remarkably different through the lives of other social animals that lack kindling of the brain, such as bees, termites and fish,” scribbles Churchland. - The center of mammals is more flexible, less tied to reflexes, more susceptible to changes in the surrounding environment. He is prone to both long-term and short-term judgments. The community center of mammals allows them to navigate around the world in order to understand that they intend to work out what the rest of society is waiting for through you. "
“Throughout the evolutionary passage, the sensations of pleasure and pain to help survive have been reoriented to promote affiliate behavior,” Churchland scribbles. "Dignity has spread to a kindred but freshly baked sphere - attachment to one's neighbor."
The fundamental root cause of this change is the freezing of the descendants. Evolution required modifications in the mammalian brain in order to establish custody of children in the first space. Mothers, and in some variants both parents, tend to be born for everything in order to protect and nourish their offspring. Even for their sake, there is no benefit in this.
In the book "Conscience" the compiler outlines experiments to determine the biochemical reactions of the brain of various mammals, which reward social behavior, including custody of offspring.
“The social life of mammals is remarkably different through the lives of other social animals that lack kindling of the brain, such as bees, termites and fish,” scribbles Churchland. - The center of mammals is more flexible, less tied to reflexes, more susceptible to changes in the surrounding environment. He is prone to both long-term and short-term judgments. The community center of mammals allows them to navigate around the world in order to understand that they intend to work out what the rest of society is waiting for through you. "
The human brain has the largest and most complex cortex of all mammals. The center of homo sapiens is three times the size of the chimpanzee brain, with which we had a universal parent 5-8 million years ago.Human social behavior
An impressive brain naturally makes us smarter, but also asks for more noble energy costs. Causality are we frozen to cover this high-calorie bill?
“The ability to cook food on fire was most quickly driven by a permissive behavioral change that allowed the hominin's mind to form beyond the chimpanzee's brain and quite nimbly to prolong evolution,” Churchland scribbles.
Learning to reward the body's need for energy, hominins froze, ready to do more complex tasks as a result. For example, improving social action and building collective hierarchies.
It turns out that our behavior, starting to preserve moral norms and rules, is the result of a war after self-survival and the need to earn the necessary amount of calories.
The obvious need for energy "does not sound deep enough, of course, but, nevertheless, such a realistic reason," Churchland scribbles in his book Conscience.
Our genetic evolution has benefited the development of social behavior. Moral norms seemed like conclusions for our needs. And we, humans, as if any other living creatures, obey the laws of evolution, which Churchland describes as "a blind process, some, apart from any mission, walks with an already existing structure." The location of our brain is the result of numerous experiments and adjustments.
“Between the part of the brain that responds to self-care and the one that assimilates social norms, by the way, lies what we call conscience,” Churchland scribbles. “In this reason, our responsibility is such a“ construct ”of the brain, by means of which the instincts of self-preservation and others are reorganized into concrete actions by means of development, imitation and learning."
This is a very juicy and complex topic, and for all the benefits of brain science, some of the mysteries of human reason and behavior remain open.
“The fact that the ingenuous need for food has lost the majestic significance in the origin of human morality does not mean that solidity and conscientiousness must be depreciated. These virtues are first noble admiration and infinitely majestic to us, regardless of their humble origin. Actually they implement us as people, ”Churchland scribbles.
Artificial intelligence and conscience
In the book "Conscience" Churchland discusses other topics, including the importance of teaching with reinforcement in the development of social action and the ability of the peel of the uncle's brain to engage in his own experience, philosophize over counterfactual judgments, exercise world modifications, make analogies, and more.
In fact, we use precisely this arrangement of reward that allowed our forefathers to survive, and rely on the uniqueness of our multilevel brain rind to make complex moral decisions.
“Moral norms appeared in the context of social tensions and were fixed for biological soil. Investigation of social practices is based on the system of solid and negative retaliation of the brain, and yes for its ability to solve problems, ”- scribbles Churchland.
After reading "Conscience", I had the seemingly invisible questions about the role of this moral compass in AI. Will the responsibility of the partially unnatural intellect become irreparable? If physiological constraints have pushed us to develop social norms and moral action, do we need similar conditions for AI? Do physiological experiment and sensory perception play a decisive role in the development of intelligence?
Fortunately, after reading Conscience, I had the chance to discuss these issues with Dr. Churchland in person.
In fact, we use precisely this arrangement of reward that allowed our forefathers to survive, and rely on the uniqueness of our multilevel brain rind to make complex moral decisions.
“Moral norms appeared in the context of social tensions and were fixed for biological soil. Investigation of social practices is based on the system of solid and negative retaliation of the brain, and yes for its ability to solve problems, ”- scribbles Churchland.
After reading "Conscience", I had the seemingly invisible questions about the role of this moral compass in AI. Will the responsibility of the partially unnatural intellect become irreparable? If physiological constraints have pushed us to develop social norms and moral action, do we need similar conditions for AI? Do physiological experiment and sensory perception play a decisive role in the development of intelligence?
Fortunately, after reading Conscience, I had the chance to discuss these issues with Dr. Churchland in person.
Is physical experience required to develop conscience in artificial intelligence?
As is obvious from the book of the doctor Churchland (and other studies of biological neural networks), physiological experiment and limitations play a great role in the development of reason and, accordingly, consciousness in humans and animals.
But today, sometimes we talk about artificial intelligence, we have a presence of software architectures, including artificial neural networks. AI in the topical figure is usually the chaste lines of code that are made for computers and servers and cultivate data. Will physiological experimentation and constraints be sufficient to develop a positively human AI that is gifted to appreciate and respect the moral norms of society?
“It's hard to see how flexible AI plowing can become, given that the anthropotomy of the apparatus is infinitely different from the anatomy of the brain,” healer Churchland said in our conversation. - In the case of biological systems, the resolving property is the structure of the reward, the structure of teaching with reinforcement. Feelings of solid and negative retribution are needed to gain insight into the surrounding environment. This may not be the case in the case of unnatural neural networks. We just don't know about it. "
The doctor said that we still don't know how the brain thinks.
“With this knowledge, we might not need to reproduce whatever the biological brain in artificial intelligence, whatever, in order to insist such behavior,” she added.
Churchland recalled that the original AI community rejected neural networks. But as a result, I realized them to be quite effective, sometimes neural connections presented their stock in the implementation of computational tasks. Despite the fact that progressive neural connections are fundamentally inferior to the capabilities of the human brain, sometime surprises can await us.
“We know that mammals with a developed host brain skin, retaliation and biological neural networks can engage and structure information without a huge amount of data,” she said. “For today, an unnatural neural line is possible to exist as excellent for identifying faces as it is in vain for classifying mammals. Mastery can exist elementary in numbers. "
Do we need to replicate the subtle physical differences of the brain in AI?
One of the conclusions I made after reading Consciousness was that people naturally agree with the social norms of society, but sometimes challenge them. Both the unique location of the human brain, and the genes that we inherited from our parents, and the experience we gain, allow us to engage in a thin setting of moral guidelines. People can revise the previously set moral norms and laws, and yes, invent new ones.
One of the most widely disseminated peculiarities of the unnatural reason is its reproducibility. Sometimes you organize an AI gamma algorithm, you can replicate countless amounts of it at once and deploy it to any number of devices. All of them will act identically after the final options of the neural networks. Today the question is being tied: if all AIs are equal, will they be static in their own social action and therefore the holiday of flexibility is resolved, which describes the dynamics of social progress of society?
“Until we have a perfect idea that the brain is functioning, this question will be difficult to answer,” Churchland said. - We know that in order to inherit an intricate account through a neural network, it does not really need to have such biological elements as mitochondria, ribosomes, proteins and membranes. How many again can it not be? We do not know…. Without data, I'm just the next person verbalizing an opinion. And I have no data, which would say: you need to imitate such and such schemes in the arrangement of teaching with reinforcement, in order to organize a more human neural network. "
Much still shines for us to learn about a human conscience. Even more about whether it is applied to the technologies of an unnatural mind and how exactly.
“We don't know exactly what the brain is doing; sometimes we learn to maintain balance in the headstand,” Churchland writes in Conscience magazine. "Once again, we know less about what the brain is doing, sometimes we are trained to find balance in a socially complex world."
One of the most widely disseminated peculiarities of the unnatural reason is its reproducibility. Sometimes you organize an AI gamma algorithm, you can replicate countless amounts of it at once and deploy it to any number of devices. All of them will act identically after the final options of the neural networks. Today the question is being tied: if all AIs are equal, will they be static in their own social action and therefore the holiday of flexibility is resolved, which describes the dynamics of social progress of society?
“Until we have a perfect idea that the brain is functioning, this question will be difficult to answer,” Churchland said. - We know that in order to inherit an intricate account through a neural network, it does not really need to have such biological elements as mitochondria, ribosomes, proteins and membranes. How many again can it not be? We do not know…. Without data, I'm just the next person verbalizing an opinion. And I have no data, which would say: you need to imitate such and such schemes in the arrangement of teaching with reinforcement, in order to organize a more human neural network. "
Much still shines for us to learn about a human conscience. Even more about whether it is applied to the technologies of an unnatural mind and how exactly.
“We don't know exactly what the brain is doing; sometimes we learn to maintain balance in the headstand,” Churchland writes in Conscience magazine. "Once again, we know less about what the brain is doing, sometimes we are trained to find balance in a socially complex world."